PHPRC=~/private/ export PHPRC PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=8 export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS umask 0002 #ulimit -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1 ulimit -m 65536 -t 300 > /dev/null 2>&1 #if [ "$USER" != "apache" ]; then #ulimit -u 20 >/dev/null 2>&1 #fi if [ -f ~/private/php.ini ]; then exec /usr/bin/php4 -c ~/private/php.ini else exec /usr/bin/php4 -c /etc/php4/php.ini fi PHPRC=~/private/ export PHPRC PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN=8 export PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS=1000 export PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS umask 0002 #ulimit -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1 ulimit -m 65536 -t 300 > /dev/null 2>&1 #if [ "$USER" != "apache" ]; then #ulimit -u 20 >/dev/null 2>&1 #fi if [ -f ~/private/php.ini ]; then exec /usr/bin/php4 -c ~/private/php.ini else exec /usr/bin/php4 -c /etc/php4/php.ini fi JCRT - Citation Guide

Citation Guide

August 2003 - current (Issues 4.3 forward)
December 1999 - April 2003 (Issues 1.1 through 4.2)

ince the publication of vol. 4 no. 3 (August 2003), the journal has migrated to publication in Adobe PDF. Proper citation according to the Chicago Manual of Style, documentation one, is as follows:

Bibliography: (see CMS 15.217ff.)
Long, Charles H. "Mircea Eliade and the Imagination of Matter." The Journal of Cultural and Religious Theory vol. 1 no. 2 (April, 2000): 12-15. PURL: http://www.jcrt.org/archives/01.2/long.shtml
Footnote:
Charles H. Long, "Mircea Eliade and the Imagination of Matter," The Journal of Cultural and Religious Theory 1.2 (April, 2000): 12, 15-16. PURL: http://www.jcrt.org/archives/01.2/long.shtml

And for book reviews:

Bibliography: (see CMS 15.244ff.)
Saldino, Andrew. "Ontology and the Early Wittgenstein." Review of World and Life as One: Ethics and Ontology in Wittgenstein’s Early Thought, by Martin Stokhof. The Journal of Cultural and Religious Theory vol. 4 no. 3 (August 2003): 118-21. PURL: http://www.jcrt.org/archives/04.3/saldino.pdf
Footnote:
Andrew Saldino, "Ontology and the Early Wittgenstein," review of World and Life as One: Ethics and Ontology in Wittgenstein’s Early Thought, by Martin Stokhof, The Journal of Cultural and Religious Theory 4.3 (August 2003), 120. PURL: http://www.jcrt.org/archives/04.3/saldino.pdf

Citing URLs

There is often confusion among readers of the World Wide Web over citing Internet resources. The purpose of this document is to provide suggestions, guidelines, and additional resources in determining how to make citations of material in this journal.

Fortunately, the World Wide Web was born out of the collaboration of scholars who wished to share current data and so a system of addressing was adopted which precisely describes the location of any particular document. This system is known as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs are an umbrella class containing subsets of other particular conventions:

         __________________________________________________
        |         ________________                         |
        |        |  ftp:          |                        |
        |        |  gopher:       |                        |
        |        |  http:       __|____________            |
        |        |  etc        |  |  urn:      |           |
        |        |_____________|__|            |           |
        |                URLs  |               |           |
        |                      |_______________|           |
        |                             URNs                 |
        |__________________________________________________|
                               URIs

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier. The generic set of all names/addresses that are short strings that refer to resources.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator. The set of URI schemes that have explicit instructions on how to access the resource on the Internet. This is the most commonly known subset of addresses.

URN

Uniform Resource Name.

An URI that has an institutional commitment to persistence, availability, etc. Note that this sort of URI may also be a URL. See, for example, PURLs.
A particular scheme, urn:, specified by RFC2141 and related documents, intended to serve as persistent, location-independent, resource identifiers.

PURL

Persistent Uniform Resource Locator. Functionally the same as a URL, but committed to return web data regardless of server restructuring or migration. See http://purl.oclc.org/.

The clearinghouse for all universal standards of the WWW is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3), which is comprised of scholars, programmers, and representatives of the commercial sector. The current W3 standard for URI citations is provided in RFC1808 (June 1995):

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a compact representation of the location and access method for a resource available via the Internet. When embedded within a base document, a URL in its absolute form may contain a great deal of information which is already known from the context of that base document's retrieval, including the scheme, network location, and parts of the URL-path. In situations where the base URL is well-defined and known to the parser (human or machine), it is useful to be able to embed URL references which inherit that context rather than re-specifying it in every instance. This document defines the syntax and semantics for such Relative Uniform Resource Locators.

Example

http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
This URL provides four critical elements:

the Protocol by which to retrieve the document (may be http:, ftp:, gopher:, telnet:, etc.);
the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN), or server name on which the document resides;
the Path to the document (a hierarchy of directories); and
the Document itself. At times no specific document is named (an address that ends with a "/") which indicates the document is a "default" document for that directory (usually "index.html", "index.shtml", "index.htm", "default.html", etc.)

Usage

In the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, the University of Chicago Press has provided a useful FAQ for Internet citations. It also answers confounding questions like Internet vs. Internet, E-mail vs. email vs. e-mail, and so on:

I can't seem to find guidelines for citing electronic sources in the CMS. How can this be?
Actually, there are a couple of examples, at 15.424 and 16.209. In the next edition of the Manual of Style, we hope to address the topic in somewhat greater depth. In the meantime, there are some helpful Web sites. MLA guidelines for documenting WWW sources can be found at http://www.mla.org/main_stl.htm#sources; The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions also has a guide for citing electronic documents, at http://www.ifla.org/I/training/citation/citing.htm; and the International Organization for Standardization offers guidance at http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/index.htm. In addition, a couple of good reference books on the subject are Xia Li and Nancy B. Crane, Electronic Styles: A Handbook for Citing Electronic Information (Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 1996); and Andrew Harnack and Eugene Kleppinger, Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997). Online! also has a Web site where you can post questions, at http://www.smpcollege.com/o nline-4styles~help.
Other organizations offering on-line tip sheets include the American Psychological Association at http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html; and the World Association of Medical Editors at http://www.ama-assn.org/public/peer/wame/uniform.htm.

A recent article in the Washington Post (“On the Web, Research Work Proves Ephemeral,” by Rick Weiss, November 24, 2003) reports that URLs often become obsolete. It also says that there are lots of errors even in citations to conventional sources. What’s a researcher to do?
It is important to remember that the URL (uniform, or universal, resource locator) is essentially an address—something less than a permanent identifier for a source—and, like the Dewey decimal classification number on a book that sits on a library shelf, its primary function is to tell you where an item is, not what it is. At least until the widespread adoption of a truly permanent identifier, citations should always include information such as author, title, and publication date to the extent these can be determined. The Post article cited above, for example, will continue to be findable from its title, author, and publication date—through a library database or a search engine—long after a particular URL for the source is dead. If such basic but essential information about an online source is unavailable or difficult to discern, consider citing a more permanent source (or save or print out a copy of the source for your files). A URL should never be the sole component in a citation. As for errors, authors and researchers should transcribe source information and include all the required elements as if there will be no opportunity to check for accuracy later. If computers make some information ephemeral, they also help ensure that, for example, a typo in the volume number of a journal won’t provide an overwhelming obstacle to finding the article from the rest of the citation—or to checking the accuracy of the citation at manuscript stage. (See chapters 16 and 17 in CMS for a full discussion of documentation, including information about how and when to incorporate URLs into citations.)

Other useful resources:

Documenting sources from the World Wide Web - from the MLA.
Style Sheets for Citing Internet & Electronic Resources: Humanities (MLA & Chicago), Scientific (APA & CBE), and History (Turabian) - from UC Berkeley.

The JCRT has adopted the practice of providing the URL for each document within an issue at the bottom of the page (see the footer of this document for an example). It is also committed to the PURL (Persistent Uniform Resource Locator) format, which means that the initial address given for any particular document will remain valid at all times (by either remaining at that address or redirecting to its new location). The footer also provides copyright information, the date of the last update to the document, the size of the file, and contact information for the journal.

Additionally, the JCRT numbers (and in some cases letters) paragraphs for citation of text within a particular document. This allows even more accurate citing (over page numbering):

http://www.jcrt.org/archives/01.2/long.shtml ¶33.

Sample Bibliography


	
	Long, Charles H. "Mircea Eliade and the Imagination of Matter."
The Journal of Cultural and Religious Theory 1.2 (April, 2000) <http://www.jcrt.org/archives/01.2/long.shtml> 
¶12-15.